Rapid growth in the market for mobile robotics is leading to increasing demands for reliable and low-cost solutions to robotics navigation. This situation has given rise to a new class of LIDAR devices, which are purpose-built, and aimed at drastically reducing the cost of entry into navigation-capable robotics systems without compromising on the efficiency.
LIDAR- stands for Light Detection and Ranging, and is similar to radar, but uses light instead of radio waves. It is a method for determining ranges (variable distance) by targeting an object with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver. Lidar uses ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared light to image objects. Lidar systems consist of several major components: Laser, Phased arrays, Microelectromechanical machines, Scanner and optics, Photodetector and receiver electronics, Position and navigation systems, and Sensors.
The robotic navigation consists of LIDAR as the main component providing input to the following processes: Localization: is the process of determining where the robot is located, relative to objects in its environment. Mapping: is the process of building maps based on 3600 scans of the environment acquired from one or more sensors. Path planning: is the process of determining a path for the robot to follow, in order to reach a ‘goal’. Dynamic obstacle detection: is the process of detecting objects in the environment that were not present during the mapping process, but are now nonetheless present. Avoidance: is the process of path planning around dynamically occurring objects.
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